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First, the definition: bankruptcy is a legal declaration of one’s inability to pay off large amounts of debt. When an individual declares bankruptcy, the bankruptcy court will clear the individual of responsibility for those debts which are legally dischargeable. Under United States bankruptcy law, two forms of bankruptcy available to individual debtors are chapter 7 bankruptcy and chapter 13 bankruptcy (chapter 11 filings are possible for an individual, but uncommon).

Chapter 7, also known as liquidation bankruptcy, is the most common kind of bankruptcy. It also offers immediate relief from creditors. After a successful chapter 7 filing, all dischargeable debts are wiped out.

Chapter 13, or reorganization bankruptcy, on the other hand, creates a payment plan which allows one to repay debts over a period of time (usually five years) under more reasonable terms. In order to file for chapter 13 bankruptcy, one must have a regular source of income with which to repay said debts. An advantage of this form of bankruptcy is that the debtor is allowed to keep assets which may be liquidated under chapter 7 bankruptcy.

Don’t think chapter 13 bankruptcy is a complete easy street. However, here are a few examples of the kinds of debts which can only be cleared under Chapter 13 bankruptcy -Debts from a divorce or settlement agreement -Court fees -Home Owners Association, condominium, or coop fees -Retirement plan loans -Non dischargeable tax debts -Debts from a previous bankruptcy

Not all of your debts will be erased under either Chapter 13 or Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The following debts cannot be discharged under any kind of bankruptcy: – Alimony, child support, and other domestic support obligations – Student loans, except in extreme cases of “undue hardship” – Criminal penalties, and any debts you incurred as a result of committing fraud or other illegal or “malicious” acts

Income tax debts can be discharged, but only under certain circumstances. The restrictions include, but are not limited to that you have to have filed a tax return for the year you owed the taxes, and the tax debt must be from a tax return filed at least two years before your bankruptcy filing.

When you file bankruptcy, be sure to report all your creditors and their addresses. Do not skip any debts. The bankruptcy court is likely to uncover anything you try to conceal. Honesty is by far the best policy. Besides, if you do not list a debt, it may not be discharged, and it may come back as being past due later on.

Life after bankruptcy can be as hard or as easy as the debtor makes it, to a certain extent. A bankruptcy filing in one’s credit report will make it harder for him or her to be granted credit in the future, and under chapter 7 bankruptcy, certain assets may be liquidated. However, the debtor can prevent creditors from taking his or her bank account or wages – though liens on a home may still remain. Being honest with your bankruptcy lawyer and cooperating with the court and creditors may make life easier after a bankruptcy filing – hiding secrets from your lawyer and the court can only cause more problems.

While filing for bankruptcy can relieve one of the burdens of debt, a debtor must do his or her due diligence to make sure that all dischargeable debts are, in fact, discharged and to know which debts cannot be discharged. Though a person sometimes must file for bankruptcy because of medical bills or other forces beyond their control, remember that you control what becomes of your life after bankruptcy.

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Filed under: Business

If you want to know how to download One Tree Hill Episodes for your own viewing satisfaction, you have to read this article further. A number of individuals are fans of the show, and with the conveniences of the computer and DVD players, watching the episodes again and again is rapidly becoming the trend. However, if you want to get the best downloads, you need to differentiate between the credible sites and the frauds.

There is an enormous positive response from the followers of One Tree Hill, with viewers ranging from America to as far as Asia. Clearly due to this, avid viewers are patiently scouring the web for any sites offering installments in the most compatible formats. These viewers are definitely very diverse, with teens and adults both enjoying the twists of the story. However, how do you download the most complete installments from the internet, so that you’re not only limited to purchasing pricey DVDs?

Since purchasing DVD copies can be relatively expensive, making One Tree Hill episodes download from the internet is viewed as a more cost-effective option. After all, you simply need an internet connected computer and a chosen website where you can access the weekly installments from the series. Normally, since the shows are conveniently divided into seasons, you can easily find the parts you may have missed.

When it comes to choosing the web-based alternative however, not many people are aware of the ideal internet sources to go for. Since free websites are typically found almost everywhere, people are quick to assume on their reliability and quality. Unfortunately however, this perception is not always the case.

One of the biggest drawbacks to these sites is that most of these are not properly maintained and do not offer the best services. You may not know it but a poorly maintained website with substandard security tools, however free, could transmit viruses and spyware to your computer, and in worst cases cripple it to total non-function. Settling with paid membership sites is more ideal if you are downloading one tree hill episodes.

Although not essentially free, these websites assure you of video transfers which are of exceptional quality. Moreover, without the unnecessary bandwidth restrictions, you can finish downloading in a brief period of time. In exchange for a highly affordable payment, you can now watch your favorite series straight from your computer or have it easily converted to DVD format for ease and portability.

Always remember that when you choose episodes on One Tree Hill download, you end up saving a lot of money, which you would normally spend on highly expensive DVDs. This is one inexpensive strategy of enjoying your favorite series any day you prefer.

With the smart means of making video files download, watching the show straight from your PC or player anytime of the week will always be a possibility. The best thing to remember is to stock up on information and choose the best website when you download One Tree Hill episodes.

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Filed under: Television

We can find end number of people who just have no idea about life insurance policies. Why a person purchases a life insurance policy? What is a life insurance policy? What are its benefits? These are a few questions which are there in a person’s mind. With the information given below you will be able to understand the importance of a life insurance policy. Many people have no knowledge about these policies; the foremost thing to know is what exactly these policies are called. They are term life insurance, whole life insurance, variable life insurance, universal life insurance, variable universal life insurance policies, etc.

Term insurance reduces the stress for the loved ones that are left behind as if they already did not have enough to deal with. It will help in paying the funeral costs and provide a lot of help for both you and your dear ones. The cost of living is high that it takes two to earn and pay off the bills to have a comfortable living once the bread owner of the home is gone. Term insurance is one sure and safe policy that will take care of all the finances in case of accidental deaths. Term insurance can ensure you have a safe and secure family life in case of unexpected turn of events.

Term life insurance policy has certain paybacks that you will not get with any other policy. The cost that is associated with it is very less compared to the other peers. This can be so economical if you have a new member to be added in your family on the cards. Like in a whole life insurance this policy is associated with a conversion clause. This is flexible and not every policy has a standard fixed clause. While considering term life insurance for your family you have to take the conversion clause in close consideration while purchasing the policy.

Many people have no knowledge about these insurance policies; all the policies are different from each other. Like Never two people have similar needs and requirements in the same way every policy has different benefits to provide its customers when compared to other policies. So it?s always sensible to choose that policy which suits you and your family?s life the most. Certain things have to be kept in mind so that he can decide which kind of cover he needs for his family. It is very necessary that the person purchasing the policy gathers the entire information about the policies prevailing in the market.

The world of internet has many search engines and all you have to do is to type a keyword and you can get good amount of information that can help you. Then you can always talk with your friends and colleagues in your office who can guide you with the best of their knowledge. You can also take the advice of an expert, some one who has complete knowledge about life insurance and their products. These financial advisors or brokers can help you clinch a better deal from the insurance company and also they can help you in making a good policy for you by eliminating certain clauses which are of not any use for you and adding some clause which can help you in future. This way you can save money and get an assurance for your peaceful future.

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Filed under: Home Based Business

At first glance, big picture thinking and customer focus would seem to be mutually exclusive terms. After all, the first phrase connotes a farsighted, panoramic view of business, while the second implies an intense, laser-beam-like concentration on the customer. Yet as revealed in Magnifying Customer Focus: A Study of Current Trends and Future Possibilities 2006-2016, a global study commissioned by American Management Association and conducted by The Human Resource Institute, the terms are not only compatible, they are inseparable.

The study finds that customer focus is a top strategic concern for many businesses today and is ranked as one of the most important needs concerning issues ranging from leadership challenges to ethical behavior and innovation. Yet it also reveals that there is a wide disparity between what activities companies practice when it comes to customer focus and what they should be practicing.

The study asked respondents to rank a variety of strategic actions in each of five areas environment/culture, communications, HR practices, measurement and organizational practices in terms of what their companies are doing now and then to rank those same actions in terms of what their companies should be doing. Here is a closer look at the results for each of the five areas.

In environment/culture, having the support of top management ranked number one in both the should-do and doing-it-now categories. On the surface this would appear to be a heartening result leadership is doing what it should be doing.

But that good news is undercut by the number two should-do action: having leaders set the example with customer-focused behaviors. This is only number four in the doing-it-now category, meaning that while leadership may nominally support customer focus, it is not necessarily supporting it with its actions. Perhaps that helps explain why including customers in our corporate value statements ranked number two in the doing-it-now category but only number six in the should-do category; mission statements are all well and good, but its action that counts.

In the communications area, Magnifying Customer Focus finds that companies are falling short of communicating the customer focus message internally. Respondents ranked the action of having an internal plan in place to communicate customer insights number four in the should-do category, but only number seven in the doing-it-now category, suggesting that many companies are missing this crucial component. Its important to note that this doesn’t simply mean leadership handing down memos. It means employees at all levels of the organization must share their perspective and facilitate feedback from the customer so the company can get a true picture of the state of its customer service.

Companies are placing too much emphasis on market share as an indicator of customer satisfaction, according to respondents results in the area of measurement. Regularly measuring market share ranked third in the doing-it-now category, but eighth in the should-do category, strongly suggesting that respondents believe this particular metric is of little value when it comes to gauging customer satisfaction. Bain & Co.s Fred Reich held has gone even further in questioning the relevance of market share as a reliable measurement of customer satisfaction. Reichheld maintains that although companies may capture market share and generate considerable revenue from dissatisfied customers, it is actually more costly than profitable in the long run to do so.

When it comes to HR, expecting employees to anticipate customer needs ranked number one in the doing-it-now category and number three in the should-do category. It seems that while the respondents believe this strategic action is important enough to be included in the top three of actions that should be taken, it is not the overall most important action. That distinction belongs to providing customer-oriented employee training, an action that ranked number one in the should-do category and number three in the doing-it-now category, a surprising result considering the number of customer service training programs currently in place. The takeaway from this seems to be that while companies may think that they?re addressing customer service training needs, they are in reality falling far short.

While the organizational practices area is a broadly defined subgroup with substantial overlap with the other four areas, it did produce some interesting results of its own. For example, responding to demands for customization and personalization ranked eighth in the doing-it-now category but ranked only twentieth in the should-do category. Customization and personalization have been hot topics lately, with many proclaiming them the next big thing, but clearly the survey respondents consider them overrated as a customer focus issue.

Conversely, the tactic of being customer-focused at all customer touch points, not just sales training and customer service ranked fourth in the should-do category and twelfth in the doing-it-now category, revealing a large disparity between its perceived importance and the extent to which its executed.

That point an urgent reminder that customer focus needs to be instilled throughout the organization and not isolated in one or two departments serves well to sum up the entire survey.

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Filed under: Customer Service

Advanced Mezzanine Cards are printed circuit boards following a particular specification of an entity known as the PICMG. The PICMG (PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturer’s Group) is made up of more than one hundred companies and has a significant effect on standards for electronics production. Advanced MC is targeted to the requirements of the next generation of carrier grade equipment for communications devices. These specifications have been designed to work with any of the available carrier cards and to plug into backplanes directly.

An Advanced MC is the core of the system. Intermediate revisions of the specification are called ECNs or engineering change notices. They include R1.0, which was adopted in January 2005, ECN-001, adopted in June of 2006, and R2.0, adopted in November 2006. Advanced MC cards can use a number of AMC specifications, include PCI Express and PCI Express Advanced Switching (AMC.1), Gigabit Ethernet and XAUI (AMC.2), Storage (AMC.3) and Serial RapidIO (AMC.4). Advanced MC cards can also use proprietary signaling based in LVDS.

Consumers can choose from six different types of Advanced MC cards. Full-sized modules are very common, allowing components up to twenty-three and a quarter millimeters high. Mid sized modules allow component heights from a little over eleven and a half millimeters to a little more than fourteen millimeters, depending on the location of the board. Compact modules permit a height of only a little more then eight millimeters. To hold a single full sized module or two compact sized modules, a special carrier card is required. This card is called a cutaway or hybrid carrier.

Depending on the number of filled slots on a given board, the height can be paired with either a single or double width. Double width cards allow for more space for components, but they don’t offer increased bandwidth or power, since a single connector is still used. The Advanced MC connector has a relatively complex pinout, using up to one hundred seventy traces in four different length. This allows hot swapping, provided it’s known in advance in which order which traces will become active. Cards may require traces on one side only, which reduces cost for mass production. Using only half of the available pin locations, combined with the various height options, results in four different types of connectors available on a carrier card.

Advanced MC cards are powerful enough to demand the MicroTCA standard, which was aimed at supplying a chassis that would let these cards work without a carrier cards. Multiple companies have launched products since the July 2006 approval date of this standard. Advanced MC has offered a great deal of flexibility and technological advancement in the communications field. There are more options for manufacturers than ever before, given the versatility of this specification.

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Filed under: Computers & Technology